We are living in an age of increasing and evolving threats – from explosives and biological pathogens to cyber-attacks. Safeguarding public spaces is therefore top of policy-makers’ priorities. From corporate and government buildings, to borders and airports, effective security solutions are required to protect property, staff, and the public. As countries around the world continue the fight against COVID-19 and mitigate the economic impact of the pandemic, operational and cost efficiency has become more important than ever. 我們生活在一個威脅不斷增加和演變的時代——從爆炸物和生物病原體到網絡攻擊。因此，保護公共空間是政策制定者的首要任務。從公司和政府大樓，到邊境和機場，需要有效的安全解決方案來保護財產、員工和公眾。隨著世界各國繼續(xù)抗擊2019冠狀病毒疾病和減輕大流行的經濟影響，運作和成本效益變得比以往任何時候都更加重要。 For every industry where security measures are required, there are a specific set of emerging threats and pressures, and in many cases, this is coupled with specific regulatory requirements. Take the air cargo sector for example, explosives, weapons, and drugs are very present threats, and new regulation around dangerous goods and lithium battery handling is being introduced from 2022. Against this backdrop, solutions which effectively tackle threats and support compliance without compromising on efficiency are vital for a sector that trades on speed – and this is the case for many industries. 對于每個需要采取安全措施的行業(yè)，都存在一系列新出現的威脅和壓力，在許多情況下，這些威脅和壓力還伴隨著特定的監(jiān)管要求。以航空貨運部門為例，爆炸物（爆炸物探測儀）、武器（金屬進口安檢門/手持金屬探測器）和毒品是非?，F實的威脅，從2022年開始將引入有關危險貨物和鋰電池處理的新規(guī)定。在這種背景下，有效應對威脅、支持合規(guī)、同時又不損害效率的解決方案，對于一個以速度為基礎的行業(yè)至關重要——許多行業(yè)都是如此。 The good news is that technologies are available which not only advance screening procedures and detection capabilities to monitor for and identify complex threats, but reduce the operator burden, create higher throughput, and maintain system uptime to help keep both people and property safer, without the need for large numbers of highly skilled and very costly security personnel. So, what are the new and emerging technologies which have the potential to unlock this new, more efficient era of security? 好消息是，現有技術不僅提高了監(jiān)測和識別復雜威脅的篩選程序和檢測能力，而且減少了操作人員的負擔，創(chuàng)造了更高的吞吐量，并維持了系統(tǒng)正常運行時間，以幫助保持人員和財產的安全，而不需要大量高技能和昂貴的安保人員。那么，有哪些新興技術有潛力開啟這個新的、更有效的安全時代呢？ AI: Removing the guesswork by doing the legwork AI: 通過跑腿消除猜測 Artificial intelligence (AI) powered software is at the heart of many solutions which automate the detection of threats, increasing the accuracy of detection and reducing operator interference to create more seamless security processes. Advanced detection capabilities enabled by AI can enhance existing security systems in any setting – whether that be an airport, at a border, or in a stadium. 人工智能(AI)驅動的軟件是許多解決方案的核心，這些解決方案能夠自動檢測威脅，提高檢測的準確性，減少操作員的干擾，創(chuàng)造更加無縫的安全過程。先進的檢測能力使得人工智能可以增強現有的安全系統(tǒng)在任何設置-無論是機場，在邊境，或在體育場。 Machine learning algorithms can imitate the way the human brain processes data and identify patterns for use in decision-making. The vast amounts of data collected on prohibited items through security processes can be used to train and refine algorithms to achieve a highly accurate rate of automatic detection of hazards or illicit goods through object recognition. This can help to combat the movement of an ever-expanding list of unsafe, undeclared, or illegal items such as weapons, drugs, or even currency, without interrupting the flow of people, bags, or cargo. By delivering the highest level of threat detection it can also support more efficient resource planning for customs officers, security operators or other controlling authorities. 機器學習算法可以模仿人腦處理數據的方式，并識別用于決策的模式。通過安全程序收集的關于違禁物品的大量數據可用于訓練和改進算法，以便通過物體識別實現高度準確的自動發(fā)現危險物品或非法貨物的速度。這有助于打擊不斷擴大的不安全、未申報或非法物品的流動，如武器（進口金屬探測門）、毒品、甚至貨幣，而不會中斷人員、包裹或貨物的流動。通過提供最高水平的威脅檢測，它還可以支持為海關官員、安全操作員或其他管制當局進行更有效的資源規(guī)劃。 Algorithms are readily available for use at security checkpoints and could enable alarm-only viewing of X-ray images to significantly improve throughput and security levels, ideal for busy passenger and cargo airports and large, public events. As an emerging area, the urgent need for this type of contactless and efficiency boosting technology could mean that we see the capabilities of AI powered algorithmic software expand at a fast pace, and the relevant approval required for safe implementation for regulated industries. 算法很容易在安全檢查站使用，并且可以只需報警就可以查看 X 射線圖像（海曼安檢機），從而顯著提高吞吐量和安全水平，非常適合繁忙的客運和貨運機場以及大型公共活動。作為一個新興領域，迫切需要這種非接觸和提高效率的技術，這可能意味著我們將看到人工智能驅動的算法軟件的能力迅速擴大，而受監(jiān)管行業(yè)的安全實施需要獲得相關批準。 The value of AI can be clearly seen in complex security operations where volumes are increasing but resource availability is decreasing. For example, customs and security professionals are facing growing traffic at maritime ports, land border crossing points and city entrances. At the same time, they are required to provide faster clearance times, while keeping strict controls in place to monitor the flow of imports, exports and transit traffic. Image analysts must match X-ray images of scanned cargo with original manifest reports while also looking for potential threats. AI-powered algorithms can automatically highlight only those X-ray images where suspicious items have been detected, such as cigarettes or even dangerous levels of radioactivity, speeding up the overall analysis process and supporting the secure movement of goods and free flow of trade. 人工智能的價值可以在復雜的安全行動中清楚地看到，這些行動的數量在增加，但資源的可用性卻在減少。例如，海關和安全專業(yè)人員在海港、陸地邊境過境點和城市入口處面臨著越來越多的交通流量。與此同時，它們必須提供更快的結關時間，同時保持嚴格的管制，以監(jiān)測進口、出口和過境運輸的流動。圖像分析師必須將掃描貨物的 X 射線圖像與原始清單報告進行匹配，同時還要尋找潛在的威脅。人工智能算法只能自動突出那些檢測到可疑物品的 X 射線圖像，如香煙，甚至危險的放射性水平，加快整個分析過程，支持貨物安全流動和貿易自由流動。 Widening the network to close the efficiency gap 拓寬網絡，縮小效率差距 For hubs, such as major airports and busy ports, where there are multiple terminals and consistently high volumes of passengers or cargo, wide-area networks (WANs), which enable centralized and remote image evaluation, can be the best way forward. Although centralization is not a new concept, image analysis is a new application. WANs can facilitate the real-time sharing of images between different areas of a building or sites (or even countries and continents) enabling greater resource prioritisation and operational efficiency. 對于樞紐，如主要機場和繁忙港口，那里有多個終端和持續(xù)高容量的旅客或貨物，廣域網(WAN) ，使集中和遠程圖像評估，可以是最好的前進方向。雖然集中化不是一個新的概念，圖像分析是一個新的應用。廣域網可以促進建筑物或場地(甚至國家和大陸)的不同區(qū)域之間的實時圖像共享，從而實現更高的資源優(yōu)先級和運營效率。 Although long established for airport hold baggage screening systems, remote screening is new for airport passenger checkpoints, cargo and border control. The benefits are particularly clear when it comes to countries with many regional airports spread far apart which see fluctuating passenger volumes. Linking all outlying locations to a key airport where volumes are more consistent enables more efficient operator resourcing, rather than keeping staff onsite at smaller airports around the clock. Indeed, larger airports could offer outsourced security services to smaller airports. At borders, where an enormous amount of goods pass through entry and exit points 24 hours a day, a centralised Dataset Management System can allow X-ray images and associated data to be analysed online in a remote-control centre. On-site operators can therefore focus on the scanning process and completing the relevant dataset information such as customs declarations and vehicle licence plates. 雖然長期建立的機場托運行李檢查系統(tǒng)（進口安檢機-海曼安檢機 smiths detection），遠程檢查是新的機場旅客檢查站，貨物和邊境管制。對于許多地區(qū)性機場相距甚遠、客流量波動較大的國家而言，這種做法的好處尤為明顯。將所有偏遠地點與一個交通量更加一致的關鍵機場連接起來，可以更有效地為運營商提供資源，而不是讓工作人員24小時待在較小的機場。事實上，較大的機場可以向較小的機場提供外包的安全服務。在邊境，每天24小時都有大量貨物通過出入境口岸，一個集中的數據集管理系統(tǒng)可以讓 X 射線圖像和相關數據在遙控中心進行在線分析。因此，現場操作員可以專注于掃描過程和填寫相關的數據集信息，例如海關申報單和車輛號牌。 On a country-to-country or even continental level, image sharing via WANs would enable more sophisticated data analysis across global security networks to significantly boost security outcomes, with one set of scanned images for both outbound security and inbound customs clearance at the destination. Of course, security outcomes can never be compromised, so wide networks must be robust and secure, with sufficient bandwidth for real-time distribution of the images. This creates significant technical challenges in establishing a viable WAN, and back-up solutions are required in case of network failures. Although the capability is there, to fully realise the potential of international data sharing close co-operation between authorities is required. Looking to the future, centralised screening could consolidate not only images from checkpoint screening but trace equipment, body scanners and CCTV. 在國與國之間乃至整個大陸的層面上，通過廣域網共享圖像將使全球安全網絡進行更加復雜的數據分析，從而大大提高安全成果，為出境安全和目的地入境清關提供一套掃描圖像。當然，安全結果永遠不會受到損害，所以廣泛的網絡必須是健壯和安全的，有足夠的帶寬來實時分發(fā)圖像。這在建立可行的廣域網方面造成了重大的技術挑戰(zhàn)，并且在網絡故障的情況下需要備份解決方案。盡管有這方面的能力，但要充分發(fā)揮國際數據共享的潛力，各國當局之間必須密切合作。展望未來，集中檢查不僅可以整合檢查站檢查的圖像，還可以整合跟蹤設備、身體掃描儀和閉路電視。 Beyond image screening, there are significant operational advantages to networking, which can be used as an intelligent source of management data and statistics to inform decision making. For example, information gathered from across a WAN can support preventive maintenance, resource allocation and general administration, delivering cost-efficiencies as well as a high level of system uptime. While centralised management via WANs is already in operation with some global security screening installations, none are yet handling real-time image analysis in a co-ordinated or consistent way. 除了圖像篩選之外，聯網還具有顯著的操作優(yōu)勢，可以作為管理數據和統(tǒng)計數據的智能來源，為決策提供信息。例如，從廣域網收集的信息可以支持預防性維護、資源分配和一般管理，提供成本效益和高水平的系統(tǒng)正常運行時間。雖然通過廣域網進行的集中管理已經與一些全球安全檢查裝置一起運作，但還沒有一個以協調或一致的方式處理實時圖像分析。 Differentiated screening: One size does not fit all 區(qū)分篩查: 一個大小不適合所有 The advantages of adopting a remote WAN screening model are accentuated when paired with a differentiated screening approach based on risk and sensitivity levels of either cargo or people. For cargo, data such as the shipper, origin, destination as well as weight, size and density of cargo allows for the creation of bespoke risk scores, so that security operator and screening resource can be focused on shipments that pose a higher risk, whilst parcels from trusted shippers are fast-tracked. Risk scores can typically be generated through the shipping manifest, which acts as a unique identifier, with the risk assessment criteria based on the key data. For example, shipments from Africa may pose a higher risk of illegal animal trade due to the issue of rhino horn smuggling. The concept of ‘one stop security’ can be enabled using WAN image sharing combined with differentiated screening. Screening and risk-based data could be shared between departure points with destination authorities, allowing for the rescreening requirement at the transfer airport to be determined by risk profile. 采用遠程廣域網篩選模式的優(yōu)點在與基于貨物或人員的風險和敏感程度的差別篩選方法配對時得到了強調。對于貨物，諸如托運人、原產地、目的地以及貨物的重量、大小和密度等數據可以創(chuàng)建定制的風險評分，這樣安全運營商和篩選資源就可以專注于構成較高風險的貨物，而來自可信托托運人的包裹則可以快速跟蹤。風險評分通?？梢酝ㄟ^作為唯一標識符的貨運清單生成，并根據關鍵數據制定風險評估標準。例如，由于犀牛角走私問題，來自非洲的貨物可能構成更大的非法動物貿易風險?！耙徽臼桨踩钡母拍羁梢允褂脧V域網圖像共享結合區(qū)分屏幕。出發(fā)點之間可以與目的地當局共享篩查和基于風險的數據，以便根據風險簡介確定轉運機場安檢設備的重新篩查要求。 For example, The El Salvadorian Dirección General de Aduanas (Customs Department) is responsible for controlling the export, import and transit of goods at all the country’s border crossing and entry points, and therefore safeguarding the country against smuggling, illegal trafficking of narcotics, weapons, contraband and other illegal goads and substances. In conjunction with local partner Cotecna, Smiths Detection worked closely with Dirección General de Aduanas on a multi-border inspection project which involved a differentiated screening approach. Consignments travelling through the county are now assessed for risk to determine scanning requirements, allowing for the appropriate level of screening to be applied, ranging from re-checks on different X-ray systems to checks with hand-held equipment to detect traces of explosives on vehicles and palletized cargo. 例如，薩爾瓦多海關總署負責在該國所有過境點和入境點控制貨物的出口、進口和過境，從而保護該國免受走私、非法販運毒品、武器(手持金屬探測器)、違禁品和其他非法貨物和物質的危害。史密斯偵查公司與當地伙伴 Cotecna 公司密切合作，與阿杜瓦納斯總局合作開展了一個多邊檢查項目，其中包括采用差別篩查辦法?，F在對通過該州的貨物進行風險評估，以確定掃描要求，從而能夠進行適當程度的篩查，從重新檢查不同的 X 光系統(tǒng)到用手提設備進行檢查，以發(fā)現車輛和托盤貨物上的爆炸物痕跡。 When it comes to people and handheld baggage screening in airports and buildings, AI and biometrics can be used to gather, combine and analyse comprehensive profiles to allow for more efficient and targeted screening. The key enabler of this type of automated, differentiation assessment could be a biometrics-enabled checkpoint. Differentiated screening adapts the security process through individualised risk assessments based on a unique identifier, created using biometrics, combined with contextual information – such as ticketing information or ID details. Once a person’s name or ticket information is amalgamated with data from third party sources, a risk score can be generated. Applying differentiated levels of screening focuses operator resources on those with higher risk scores, reducing the pressure on screening operators as well as costs, while enabling a more seamless flow of people through the screening process. 當涉及到機場和建筑物中的人員和手持行李檢查時，可以使用人工智能和生物特征識別技術來收集、組合和分析全面的個人資料，以便進行更有效和更有針對性的檢查。這種類型的自動化差異化評估的關鍵支持者可能是支持生物特征識別的檢查點。差異化篩選通過基于唯一標識符的個性化風險評估，結合上下文信息(如票務信息或身份信息)創(chuàng)建，適應安全流程。一旦某人的姓名或機票信息與來自第三方的數據合并，就可以生成風險評分。應用不同級別的篩查將運營商的資源集中在風險評分較高的人身上，減輕了篩查運營商的壓力和成本，同時使人員能夠更加順暢地通過篩查過程。 Cyber-proof: Building resilient networks 網絡防護: 建立有彈性的網絡 With increasing reliance on connected, digital security solutions comes an increasing risk of cybersecurity attacks, with incidents ranging from temporary disruption to global networks going down. In 2019 IATA published a whitepaper, Air Transport Security 2040 and Beyond, which warns that by 2040 more airport processes will be conducted offsite, requiring a range of networks and thereby increasing the risk of vulnerabilities that attackers could exploit – which is true of any networked system. Security systems which use AI-enabled algorithms often require access to the cloud and are shared through open architecture utilising third party open interfaces. To ensure these connections are robust, and to protect the highly sensitive data that security systems collect, a holistic approach to developing cybersecurity policies is required which spans software, hardware, process, and operators. The first step of this approach is assessing operational risks and compliance requirements, with the goal of forming a bespoke policy which is flexible enough to adapt to new and evolving threats without compromising robustness. 隨著對互聯網的依賴程度越來越高，數字安全解決方案面臨著越來越大的網絡安全攻擊風險，從臨時中斷到全球網絡癱瘓等各種事件不斷發(fā)生。2019年，國際航空運輸協會(IATA)發(fā)表了一份名為《空運安全2040年及其后》(Air Transport Security 2040 and Beyond)的白皮書，警告說，到2040年，將有更多的機場程序在外部進行，需要一系列網絡，從而增加了攻擊者可能利用的漏洞的風險——任何網絡系統(tǒng)都是如此。使用人工智能算法的安全系統(tǒng)通常需要訪問云，并通過使用第三方開放接口的開放架構共享。為了確保這些連接是健壯的，并保護高度敏感的數據，安全系統(tǒng)收集，需要一個全面的方法來發(fā)展網絡安全策略，其中包括軟件，硬件，過程和操作員。這種方法的第一步是評估業(yè)務風險和遵守要求，目標是形成一種定制的政策，這種政策足夠靈活，能夠在不損害穩(wěn)健性的情況下適應新的和不斷變化的威脅。 A contactless future 一個與世隔絕的未來 The implementation of digital, data-driven and differentiated solutions can enable a more contactless and efficient future for security. These technologies are becoming commercially available, and we are seeing an acceleration in development and in situ trials. Not only do these technologies improve the security operator’s experience, but the end user’s, from airport passengers to sports fans in stadiums. While the technical capabilities are there, the responsible implementation of these solutions brings a set of challenges which can only be tackled with a collaborative and integrated approach between suppliers, operators and authorities. In some cases, this will require significant co-operation transcending borders. 數字化、數據驅動和差異化解決方案的實施可以為安全創(chuàng)造一個更加非接觸和高效的未來。這些技術正在變得商業(yè)化，我們看到開發(fā)和現場試驗的加速。這些技術不僅改善了安全操作員的體驗，而且也改善了最終用戶的體驗，從機場乘客到體育場內的體育迷。雖然存在技術能力，但負責任地實施這些解決方案帶來了一系列挑戰(zhàn)，只能通過供應商、運營商和主管部門之間的協作和綜合辦法加以解決。在某些情況下，這將需要跨越國界的重大合作。
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